Brain source localization (BSL) using Electroencephalogram (EEG) or Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an active research area focused on identifying the active brain regions from which EEG or MEG signal elements originate. This technique is particularly valuable in clinical applications, such as studying localized epilepsy to determine the precise initiation site of seizures. Additionally, BSL can help understand the origins of different stimulus responses, contributing to a broader comprehension of neural processing. EEG and MEG are widely utilized for neural activity assessment, renowned for their exceptional temporal resolution, which is essential for capturing rapid neural dynamics. However, both methods suffer from relatively low spatial resolution, limiting their effectiveness in precisely pinpointing neural activity locations.
Our research aims to develop novel source localization algorithms specifically designed to enhance the spatial resolution of detected neural activity. By improving spatial resolution, we seek to overcome the current limitations of EEG and MEG, leading to more accurate diagnostics and providing deeper insights into the mechanisms of various brain disorders. These advancements promise to enhance clinical outcomes and foster more effective treatments.

In BCI, decoding the motor task from non-invasive EEG measurements is a challenging problem. It is due to the fact that encoding is assumed to be deep within the brain and is not easily accessible by the scalp recordings. The ability to know the source generators of the intended motor task from EEG may lead to huge improvements in BCI by providing continuous task-relevant neural signals. To overcome these issues and to study the brain activity on the motor cortex, cortical source domain processing is proposed. Our findings emphasize using the spatial source distribution knowledge in neurofeedback training of BCI systems. We are also interested in enhancing the user's control abilities, as the performance of any BCI system relies heavily on a user's attention level and ability to modulate sensory motor rhythms. Since considerable progress has been made on the "computer" side, while little work has been done on the "brain" perspective, we believe our work opens a wide range of possibilities to patients suffering from neuromuscular disabilities, stress, and anxiety.

Yoga and meditation, ancient practices renowned for their profound impact on mental and physical well-being, have attracted increasing interest in neuroscience due to their potential influence on brain function and structure, a concept known as neuroplasticity. When you lift weights, your muscles get stronger and bigger. When you do yoga, your brain cells develop new connections, and changes occur in brain structure as well as function, resulting in improved cognitive skills such as learning and memory. Yoga strengthens parts of the brain that play a key role in memory, attention, awareness, thought, and language. Our lab focuses on studying the neural changes that occur in the brain that counteract age-related declines in memory and other cognitive skills.

4. Sleep and Mental Health

The quality of sleep is one of the most crucial determinants of mental and physical health, and its deficiency or absence can significantly impact an individual's well-being. Sleep apnea is among the most prevalent sleep disorders in many societies, highlighting the need for extensive research into its various aspects.
Our lab focuses on studying the sleep structure of patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and comparing it with that of healthy controls. By examining these differences, we aim to determine whether the absence or disruption of sleep in OSA patients leads to cognitive impairment. This research is essential for understanding the broader implications of sleep apnea on mental and physical health, and for developing more effective interventions and treatments for those affected by this prevalent sleep disorder.